GPR imaging of traffic compaction effects on soil structures

Abstract Spatial and depth variability of soil characteristics greatly influence its optimum utilization management. Concealing nature subsurface horizons has made the traditional investigations which rely on point information less reliable. In this study, an alternative use ground penetrating radar (GPR)—a near-surface geophysical survey method—was tested to address shortcomings. The focus study was assessment layers at a test site evaluation effects compaction caused by machinery traffics soil. GPR methods utilize electromagnetic energy in frequency range 10 MHz 3.0 GHz. Fourteen profiles data were acquired site-a farmland Krakow, Poland. Compaction parts induced using tractor movements (simulating traffic effects) different passes. Data processed basic filtering algorithms attributes computations executed Reflexw software. Attempt technique for assessment. method allows delineation depicts characteristic changes spatial within horizons. Moreover, that discernable from profile sections. Thus, similar densification like hardpan may develop natural setting can be investigated method. results have shown suitability quick, noninvasive continuous investigation also allow temporal via repeated measurement.